Device to device communications (D2D)

Device to device communications (D2D)

The target data rate of 1Gbps for the next generation mobile communications called 5G can only be achieved by introducing many novel techniques into the existing wireless standards of cellular communications. 

These novelty may come in the form of massive MIMO, heterogeneous networks, cooperative relay, millimeter wave, cognitive radio, adaptive beam-forming, device to device communications etc.

Device to device communications (D2D) is a way of communications where the transmitting as well as receiving pair exchange their messages without getting assistance from any infrastructure as opposed to cellular communication where the transmitter has to get help from the infrastructure to send its information to final destination.  This infrastructure include base station tower, mobile switching centre and sometime the gateway.

D1-D2 are shown to be engaged in direct communications called D2D communications.

D2D communications offers many benefits like increased data rates, reliability, interference reduction, power saving, traffic  offloading and use of licensed spectrum.

However, there is no such thing as a free lunch, hence, this charming techniques also comes up with its own challenge. The challenge of authorization. In other words, the D2D communications has to take place somewhere in licensed spectrum and it may create interference for the primary users, therefore, it puts extra burden on the network to handle the issue of authorization and authentication.

The following are the resources to get in depth knowledge of the fascinating field of wireless communications.

D2D Communications – What Part Will It Play in 5G?

3GPP Tech. Report 22.803, “scenarios and requirements for general use cases and national security and public safety,” May 2015.

M. Tehrani, M. Uysal, and H. Yanikomeroglu, “Device-to-device communication in 5g cellular networks: challenges, solutions, and future directions,” Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 86– 92, May 2014. 

A. Asadi, Q. Wang, and V. Mancuso, “A survey on device-to-device communication in cellular networks,” Communications Surveys Tutorials, IEEE, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 1801–1819, Fourthquarter 2014. 

D. Feng, L. Lu, Y. Yuan-Wu, G. Li, G. Feng, and S. Li, “Deviceto-device communications underlaying cellular networks,” Communications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 61, no. 8, pp. 3541–3551, August 2013.  

R. Ahlswede, C. Ning, S.-Y. R. Li, and R. W. Yeung, “Network information flow,” IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 1204–1216, July 2000. 

M. K. Frank H.P. Fitzek1 and Q. Zhang, “Cellular controlled short-range communication for cooperative p2p networking, vol. wg,” in Wireless World Research Forum 17, Nov 2006. 

M. Rodziewicz, “Network coding aided device-to-device communication,” in European Wireless, 2012. EW. 18th European Wireless Conference, April 2012, pp. 1–5. 

S. Shalmashi and S. Ben Slimane, “Cooperative device-to-device communications in the downlink of cellular networks,” in Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2014 IEEE, April 2014, pp. 2265–2270. 

J. G. Proakis, Digital communications, 4th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York :. 

J. N. Laneman, “Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: Algorithms and architectures,” Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Aug 2002. 

J. N. Laneman, D. N. C. Tse, and G. W. Wornell, “Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: efficient protocols and outage behavior,” IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 3062–3080, Dec 2004. 

G. D. Menghwar and C. F. Mecklenbra¨uker, “Network coding for cooperative communications,” Proceedings of Junior Scientist Conference 2008, Vienna, Austria, pp. 105– 106, Nov 2008. 

G.D. Menghwar, “Outage performance of two users cooperative network coding,” Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT-2009), Sep 2009.